Name	URL	Description / Notes
American Psychiatric Association – DSM-5	psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm	Official publisher of DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria
CDC ADDM Network	cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/addm.html	Current prevalence data, diagnostic trends, surveillance reports
NIMH – Autism Spectrum Disorder	nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd	Research-based overview including diagnostic criteria
Autism Speaks – DSM-5 Criteria	autismspeaks.org/dsm-5-criteria	Plain-language explanation of diagnostic criteria and levels
Interactive Autism Network	iancommunity.org/cs/about_autism/autism_diagnosis	Step-by-step diagnostic process information
CDC MMWR – Autism Prevalence, 16 Sites, 2022 Surveillance Year	www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/ss/pdfs/ss7402a1-H.pdf	The 1 in 31 report, MMWR Surveillance Summaries 2025;74(2):1-23
IACC – Autism Research Portfolio Analysis	iacc.hhs.gov/publications/portfolio-analysis/	Federal autism research spending by question area; lifespan issues drew 4.3% of funding

Assessment Tools and Screening

Name	URL	Description / Notes
ADOS-2	wpspublish.com/ados-2-autism-diagnostic-observation-schedule-second-edition	Gold-standard diagnostic assessment tool
ADI-R	wpspublish.com/adi-r-autism-diagnostic-interview-revised	Parent interview diagnostic tool
RAADS-R	aspietests.org/raads/	Adult autism screening tool (self-assessment)
AQ Test	psychology-tools.com/test/autism-spectrum-quotient	Adult screening questionnaire
CAT-Q	embrace-autism.com/cat-q/	Measures social masking/camouflaging in adults

Understanding Support Levels

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Autism Society – Levels of Autism	autismsociety.org/what-are-the-3-levels-of-autism/	Detailed Level 1, 2, 3 classification explanation
Child Mind Institute	childmind.org/article/autism-severity-levels/	Family-friendly guide to support level differences
Neurodivergent Insights	neurodivergentinsights.com/blog/autism-support-levels	Strength-based approach to understanding levels
ASAN	autisticadvocacy.org/	Autistic-led perspective on support needs and terminology
Thinking Person’s Guide to Autism	thinkingautismguide.com/	Support needs across lifespan
Autism Science Foundation – Profound Autism	autismsciencefoundation.org/profound-autism/	The Lancet Commission criteria and the CDC finding that 26.7% of autistic children meet them
Profound Autism Alliance	www.profoundautism.org/	Federal advocacy and the annual Profound Autism Summit for the highest-support-needs population
The Lucas Project	thelucasproject.org/	Family accounts and advocacy on adult services for profoundly autistic people

Communication and AAC

Name	URL	Description / Notes
ASHA – AAC Overview	asha.org/public/speech/disorders/aac/	Professional overview of AAC systems and implementation
Proloquo2Go	assistiveware.com/products/proloquo2go	Leading AAC app for iOS devices
Tobii Dynavox	tobiidynavox.com/	AAC devices and software solutions
PRC-Saltillo	prc-saltillo.com/	AAC device manufacturer with resources
Communication Matrix	communicationmatrix.org/	Assessment tool for early communicators
Project Core	project-core.com/	AAC implementation for minimally verbal individuals
I-ASC	i-asc.org/	Spelling-to-communicate resources

Specialized Dental Care for Autistic Adults

Protocols, Sedation, and Provider Resources

Finding Autism-Competent Providers

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Special Care Dentistry Association	scdaonline.org/page/FindDentist	Directory of dentists trained in special needs care
Autism Speaks Dental Directory	autismspeaks.org/dental-professionals-directory	Searchable database of autism-friendly practices
AADMD	aadmd.org/	Professional organization for DD dental care
NADD	thenadd.org/	Resources for dental care with co-occurring conditions
Healthy Smiles for Special Needs	healthysmilesforspecialneeds.com/	Educational resources and provider recommendations

Sedation Dentistry

Name	URL	Description / Notes
ADA – Sedation and Anesthesia	ada.org/…/anesthesia-and-sedation	Overview of sedation levels and safety protocols
DOCS Education	docs-education.org/	Professional training and patient resources
Society for Pediatric Anesthesia	pedsanesthesia.org/	Anesthesia safety for dental procedures
ASDA	asdahq.org/	Find dentist anesthesiologists for complex cases

Insurance and Medicaid

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Medicaid.gov – Dental Benefits	medicaid.gov/medicaid/benefits/dental/index.html	State-by-state Medicaid dental coverage
CMS – Medicare Dental	cms.gov/Medicare/Coverage/MedicareDentalCoverage	Medicare dental coverage limitations and exceptions
NADP	nadp.org/	Understanding private dental insurance
Michigan DHHS – Adult Dental	michigan.gov/mdhhs/adult-dental	Michigan-specific Medicaid dental coverage

Sensory Preparation

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Carol Gray Social Stories	carolgraysocialstories.com/	Create custom social stories for dental visits
Autism Speaks Dental Tool Kit	autismspeaks.org/tool-kit/dental-tool-kit	Visual supports and preparation strategies
Special Olympics Special Smiles	specialolympics.org/our-work/sports/special-smiles	Oral health education and screening programs

Recognizing Pain in Non-Speaking Autistic Adults

Combating Diagnostic Overshadowing

Non-Verbal Pain Assessment Tools

Name	URL	Description / Notes
FLACC Pain Scale	healthcare.uiowa.edu/…/FLACC.pdf	Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (0-10 scale)
NCCPC-R	aboutkidshealth.ca/article?contentid=1023	30-item checklist for non-verbal individuals
Abbey Pain Scale	dementia-assessment.com.au/…/Abbey_Pain_Scale.pdf	Dementia pain scale adaptable for autism
PAINAD	consultgeri.org/…/issue-7.pdf	Observable pain indicators
Pediatric Pain Profile	ppprofile.org.uk/	Detailed behavior mapping for chronic pain

Common Pain Sources

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Autism Science Foundation – GI	autismsciencefoundation.org/…/gi-disorders/	GI issues affect 46-84% of autistic individuals
CHARGE Syndrome Foundation	chargesyndrome.org/	Genetic condition with autism overlap and chronic pain
Ehlers-Danlos Society	ehlers-danlos.com/	Joint hypermobility and chronic pain
Epilepsy Foundation	epilepsy.com/…/related-conditions/autism	Seizure recognition and management
AGA – IBS Resources	gastro.org/…/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/	GI pain management strategies

Healthcare Communication Tools

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Autism Speaks Medical Passport	autismspeaks.org/tool-kit/medical-passport	One-page emergency medical summary
CDC Emergency Information Form	cdc.gov/…/autismemergencyform.pdf	Standardized emergency response form
Communication Passport	communicationpassports.org.uk/	Visual communication tool for healthcare
Boardmaker	boardmakeronline.com/	Picture-based pain/needs communication

Co-occurring Mental Health Conditions

Anxiety, Depression, and Finding Autism-Competent Providers

Crisis Resources (24/7)

Name	URL / Contact	Description / Notes
988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline	Call or text: 988	24/7 crisis intervention and suicide prevention
Crisis Text Line	Text HOME to 741741	24/7 crisis support via text
SAMHSA National Helpline	1-800-662-4357	24/7 treatment referral and information

Finding Autism-Competent Providers

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Psychology Today	psychologytoday.com/us/therapists	Search by specialty, insurance, location
Therapy for Autistic Adults	therapyforautisticadults.com/	Directory specifically for autistic adult clients
ABCT	abct.org/	Find CBT providers with autism experience
ADAA	adaa.org/finding-help	Provider directory with specialty filters
AANE Provider Directory	aane.org/resources/therapist-directory/	Vetted autism-competent providers

Anxiety Resources

Name	URL	Description / Notes
NIMH – Anxiety Disorders	nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders	Research-based anxiety information
Anxiety in Autism Research	anxietyinautism.com/	Specialized research and interventions
CARD – Autism Anxiety	centerforautism.com/resources/autism-anxiety/	Evidence-based anxiety interventions
MBSR	umassmed.edu/…/about-mbsr/	Mindfulness-based stress reduction

Depression Resources

Name	URL	Description / Notes
NIMH – Depression	nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression	Comprehensive depression information
DBSA	dbsalliance.org/	Peer support and treatment resources
NAS – Depression and Autism	autism.org.uk/…/mental-health/depression	Autism-specific depression presentations

Therapy Modalities

Name	URL	Description / Notes
CBT for Autism Research	ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4460776/	Adapted CBT protocols
DBT Resources	behavioraltech.org/	Emotion regulation skills training
ACT	contextualscience.org/act	Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Alexithymia Resources	embrace-autism.com/alexithymia/	Difficulty identifying emotions (common in autism)

Medication Resources

Name	URL	Description / Notes
FDA Medication Guides	fda.gov/…/medication-guides	Official medication information
NIMH – Mental Health Medications	nimh.nih.gov/…/mental-health-medications	Psychiatric medication overview
Autism Speaks Medication Tool Kit	autismspeaks.org/…/medication-decision-tool-kit	Autism-specific medication considerations
MedlinePlus	medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html	NIH drug database

De-escalation and Sensory Regulation

Evidence-Based Meltdown Management

Meltdown Education

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Autism Society – Meltdowns vs Tantrums	autismsociety.org/meltdowns-versus-tantrums/	Key differences and appropriate responses
NAS – Meltdowns Guide	autism.org.uk/…/behaviour/meltdowns	Comprehensive UK-based resource
ASAN – Meltdowns and Shutdowns	autisticadvocacy.org/…/Meltdowns-and-Shutdowns.pdf	Autistic perspective on overwhelm responses
SPD Foundation	spdfoundation.net/	Sensory overwhelm triggers and interventions

Sensory Tools and Equipment

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Weighted Blanket Guide	sleepfoundation.org/…/weighted-blanket	Deep pressure therapy research
Noise-Canceling Headphones	autismparentingmagazine.com/noise-canceling-headphones/	Reviews of autism-friendly headphones
Sensory Direct	sensorydirect.com/	Comprehensive sensory equipment supplier
Fun and Function	funandfunction.com/	Sensory tools, weighted items, fidgets
National Autism Resources	nationalautismresources.com/	Specialized autism products
ARK Therapeutic	arktherapeutic.com/	Chewelry and oral motor tools

Prevention and Trigger ID

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Boardmaker	boardmakeronline.com/	Visual schedule templates
Carol Gray Social Stories	carolgraysocialstories.com/	Prepare for challenging situations
Zones of Regulation	zonesofregulation.com/	Self-regulation curriculum
Incredible 5-Point Scale	5pointscale.com/	Emotion rating and intervention matching

De-escalation Training

Name	URL	Description / Notes
CPI	crisisprevention.com/	Crisis Prevention Institute training
Handle with Care	handlewithcare.com/	Autism-specific crisis intervention
Mandt System	mandtsystem.com/	Relationship-based crisis prevention
SAMA	sama.org.au/	Safe Aggression Management

Safety Planning

Name	URL	Description / Notes
AWAARE	awaare.org/	Wandering/elopement prevention and response
Big Red Safety Tool Kit	nationalautismassociation.org/…/big-red-safety-toolkit/	Comprehensive safety strategies
First Responder Training	autismsafety.org/	Resources for police/EMS interactions

Protection from Financial Exploitation

Scams, Safeguards, and Legal Protections

Scam Recognition and Reporting

Name	URL	Description / Notes
FTC Scam Alerts	consumer.ftc.gov/scam-alerts	Current scam warnings and reporting
AARP Fraud Watch	aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/	Fraud prevention resources
FBI IC3	ic3.gov/	Report cybercrimes and online scams
SSA Scam Awareness	ssa.gov/scam/	Government impersonation scam info
IRS Tax Scams	irs.gov/newsroom/tax-scams-consumer-alerts	Tax-related fraud prevention

Financial Protection Tools

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Credit Freeze – Equifax	equifax.com/	Freeze at all 3 bureaus to prevent unauthorized credit
Credit Freeze – Experian	experian.com/	Freeze at all 3 bureaus
Credit Freeze – TransUnion	transunion.com/	Freeze at all 3 bureaus
True Link Financial	truelinkfinancial.com/	Limited-use prepaid cards with restrictions
ABLE National Resource Center	ablenrc.org/	Tax-advantaged savings without affecting benefits
Representative Payee – SSA	ssa.gov/payee/	Designated person manages benefits
EverSafe	eversafe.com/	Automated account monitoring

Legal Protections and Reporting

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Adult Protective Services	napsa-now.org/get-help/help-in-your-area/	Report financial exploitation
National Center on Elder Abuse	ncea.acl.gov/	Resources for adults with disabilities
CFPB Complaints	consumerfinance.gov/complaint/	Report financial institution violations
State AG Directory	naag.org/find-my-ag/	State-level consumer fraud reporting
LTC Ombudsman	ltcombudsman.org/	Advocates for care facility residents

Special Needs Planning

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Special Needs Alliance	specialneedsalliance.org/…/find-a-special-needs-planning-attorney	Find special needs trust attorneys
Academy of Special Needs Planners	specialneedsplanners.com/	Certified planning professionals
SSA – Special Needs Trusts	ssa.gov/ssi/spotlights/spot-trust.htm	How trusts affect SSI eligibility
Pooled Trust Information	specialneedsalliance.org/pooled-trusts/	Pooled trust options by state
CFPB Financial Education	consumerfinance.gov/…/youth-financial-education/	Financial literacy resources

Legal Rights, Guardianship & Decision-Making

Guardianship Alternatives & Supported Decision-Making

Name	URL	Description / Notes
National Resource Center for Supported Decision-Making	supporteddecisionmaking.org/	Tracks state SDM laws and provides model agreements
The Arc – Decision-Making Resources	thearc.org/decision-making-resources/	Free guides comparing guardianship and SDM options
Autistic Self Advocacy Network – The Right to Make Choices	autisticadvocacy.org/policy/toolkits/choices/	Toolkit on guardianship, capacity law, and self-determination
National Guardianship Association	www.guardianship.org/	Practice standards, education, and guardian directory
ACL Supported Decision-Making Program	acl.gov/programs/consumer-control/supported-decision-making-program	Federal program info on SDM as guardianship alternative
Special Needs Alliance	www.specialneedsalliance.org/	Attorney network explaining guardianship types and alternatives
NRC for Supported Decision-Making – State Law Tracker	supporteddecisions.org/resources-on-sdm/state-supported-decision-making-laws-and-court-decisions/	State-by-state SDM law tracker: 24 states plus DC with statutes, 18 more requiring courts to consider it

Healthcare Rights & Advance Directives

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Got Transition (National Health Care Transition Center)	www.gottransition.org/	Guidance on medical decision rights and documents at 18
Michigan Mental Health Code, Chapter 4 (Act 258 of 1974)	michigan.gov/…/Mental_Health_Code_Chapter_4.pdf	Official statute on psychiatric evaluation and hospitalization rights
Michigan Office of Recipient Rights	michigan.gov/…/RR_Book_English.pdf	Plain-language guide to rights during MI mental health services
Disability Rights Michigan	www.drmich.org/	Michigan’s federally designated protection & advocacy agency
Special Needs Alliance	www.specialneedsalliance.org/	Attorney guidance on healthcare proxies and POA at 18

Representative Payee, POA & Successor Planning

Name	URL	Description / Notes
SSA Representative Payee Program	www.ssa.gov/payee/	Official rules for managing benefits for incapable beneficiaries
SSA Guide for Representative Payees	www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10076.pdf	Official handbook detailing payee duties and responsibilities
Special Needs Alliance – Representative Payee for Social Security Benefits	www.specialneedsalliance.org/the-voice/representative-payee-for-social-security-benefits/	Attorney explainer comparing payee status and guardianship
Special Needs Alliance – The Special Needs Letter of Intent	www.specialneedsalliance.org/the-voice/letter-of-intent-4/	Guidance on drafting a successor caregiver letter of intent
The Arc’s Center for Future Planning	futureplanning.thearc.org/	Free tools and editable guide for successor caregiver planning

Voting Rights & Identification Documents

Name	URL	Description / Notes
REV UP Campaign (American Association of People with Disabilities)	www.aapd.com/about-rev-up/	National campaign on disability voter registration and access
National Disability Rights Network – Voting Rights Under Guardianship	www.ndrn.org/	State-by-state summary of guardianship’s effect on voting
Social Security Card Documentation Requirements	www.ssa.gov/ssnumber/ss5doc.htm	Official SSA list of documents needed for a Social Security card
USAGov – Get a Birth Certificate	www.usa.gov/birth-certificate	How to request a certified copy of a birth certificate
TSA – About REAL ID	www.tsa.gov/realid/about-realid	Federal requirements and deadlines for REAL ID compliance
USAGov – U.S. Passports	www.usa.gov/passport	Official steps for applying for or renewing a passport

Financial Planning, Benefits & Estate Planning

Special Needs Trusts & ABLE Accounts

Name	URL	Description / Notes
ABLE National Resource Center	www.ablenrc.org/	Tax-advantaged savings without affecting benefits
Special Needs Alliance	www.specialneedsalliance.org/	Attorney network on first-party, third-party, and pooled trusts
ABLE NRC – ABLE Accounts and Special Needs Trusts	www.ablenrc.org/able-accounts-and-special-needs-trusts/	Comparing ABLE accounts with SNTs and the $2,000 asset limit
Social Security Administration – Understanding SSI Resources	www.ssa.gov/ssi/text-resources-ussi.htm	Official explanation of the $2,000 SSI asset limit
MiABLE	www.michigan.gov/miable	Michigan’s state-administered ABLE savings program with a state income tax deduction; 844-656-7225
The Arc – ABLE Accounts 2026 Updates	thearc.org/blog/able-accounts-2026-updates-how-to-open/	2026 changes: $20,000 annual limit, onset age raised to 46, ABLE to Work made permanent

SSI, SSDI & Disabled Adult Child (DAC) Benefits

Name	URL	Description / Notes
SSA – Understanding SSI: Redeterminations	www.ssa.gov/ssi/text-redets-ussi.htm	Official explanation of the age-18 SSI eligibility review
SSA – Disability Benefits Eligibility	www.ssa.gov/benefits/disability/qualify.html	Overview of SSDI/DAC eligibility rules including adult child benefits
Ticket to Work – Work Incentives	choosework.ssa.gov/about/work-incentives	Rules protecting cash benefits and Medicaid while working
SSA – Understanding SSI: Work Incentives	www.ssa.gov/ssi/text-work-ussi.htm	How earnings affect SSI and the “benefits cliff”
SSA Work Incentives Planning and Assistance (WIPA)	www.ssa.gov/disabilityresearch/workincentives.htm	Free benefits counseling on work and benefit interactions

Estate Planning & Family Inheritance

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Special Needs Alliance	www.specialneedsalliance.org/	Attorney network on wills, trustee selection, and inheritance planning
ABLE National Resource Center	www.ablenrc.org/	Guidance on gifts and savings that avoid jeopardizing benefits
The Arc’s Center for Future Planning	futureplanning.thearc.org/	Free planning tools for families writing wills and trusts
National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys	www.naela.org/	Directory of attorneys specializing in special needs estate planning

Tax Credits & Caregiver Deductions

Name	URL	Description / Notes
IRS – Understanding the Credit for Other Dependents	www.irs.gov/newsroom/understanding-the-credit-for-other-dependents	Official rules for the $500 non-child dependent credit
IRS – Child and Dependent Care Credit Information	www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/individuals/child-and-dependent-care-credit-information	Eligibility for the dependent/adult care credit and FSA interaction
IRS Publication 501 – Filing Information	www.irs.gov/publications/p501	Official rules on Head of Household filing status
IRS Publication 502 – Medical and Dental Expenses	www.irs.gov/publications/p502	Deductible medical expense rules for dependents with disabilities
AARP – Credit for Caring Act	www.aarp.org/caregiving/financial-legal/credit-caring-act/	Status of the proposed federal family caregiver tax credit
IRS – Tax Inflation Adjustments for Tax Year 2026	www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-releases-tax-inflation-adjustments-for-tax-year-2026-including-amendments-from-the-one-big-beautiful-bill	2026 standard deductions: $16,100 single, $24,150 head of household, $32,200 joint
IRS Publication 503 – Child and Dependent Care Expenses	www.irs.gov/publications/p503	Confirms adult dependents unable to care for themselves are qualifying persons
IRS – Free Tax Preparation, VITA and TCE	www.irs.gov/individuals/free-tax-return-preparation-for-qualifying-taxpayers	Free IRS-certified filing help for many caregiver households; 800-906-9887

Housing & HCBS Settings Rule

Housing Models & Alternatives to Group Homes

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Autism Speaks – Housing and Residential Supports Tool Kit	www.autismspeaks.org/tool-kit/housing-and-residential-supports-tool-kit	Comparing group homes, supported living, and funding options
Autism Housing Network	www.autismhousingnetwork.org/	Directory and guides on housing models for autistic adults
National Council on Severe Autism	www.ncsautism.org/	Advocacy and resources for housing adults with significant behavioral needs
The Arc’s Center for Future Planning	futureplanning.thearc.org/	Tools for building an emergency housing and caregiving plan
Special Needs Alliance – Shared Living Arrangements	specialneedsanswers.com/shared-living-arrangements-for-individuals-with-disabilities-21029	Explains shared living as an alternative to group homes

HCBS Settings Rule Compliance

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Medicaid.gov – HCBS Final Regulation	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/home-community-based-services/home-community-based-services-guidance-additional-resources/home-community-based-services-final-regulation	CMS’s official HCBS Settings Rule regulation page
Medicaid.gov – Home & Community Based Services	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/home-community-based-services	Overview of integrated, non-institutional setting requirements
CMS – Home and Community Based Services Fact Sheet	www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/home-and-community-based-services	Federal fact sheet on HCBS settings standards
Michigan HCBS Program Transition (MDHHS)	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/assistance-programs/healthcare/hifa/home-and-community-based-services-program-transition	Michigan’s Statewide Transition Plan for HCBS compliance

Employment, Vocational Training & Day Services

Vocational Rehabilitation & Employment First

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Michigan Rehabilitation Services (MRS)	www.michigan.gov/leo/bureaus-agencies/mrs	State vocational rehabilitation and Pre-ETS services for Michiganders
Rehabilitation Services Administration – Pre-ETS	rsa.ed.gov/sub-regulatory-guidance/pre-employment-transition-services	Federal guidance on Pre-Employment Transition Services
APSE (Association of People Supporting Employment First)	apse.org/	National voice for the Employment First movement and inclusive work
Think College	thinkcollege.net/	Directory of inclusive college programs for people with intellectual disability
A.J. Drexel Autism Institute	drexel.edu/autisminstitute/	Research on employment and vocational outcomes for autistic adults
Apprenticeship.gov	www.apprenticeship.gov/	Federal registered apprenticeship finder and program information
APSE – Employment First State Policy Map	apse.org/home-v2-2/employment-first/	Tracks the 31 states with Employment First legislation, 16 with executive orders, 32 with agency policy
RSA – State Vocational Rehabilitation Agency Directory	rsa.ed.gov/about/states	Contact information for all 78 state VR agencies, for opening a case directly
U.S. DOL – Section 14(c) Certificate Holders	www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/workers-with-disabilities/section-14c/certificate-holders	Current list of subminimum wage certificate holders and worker counts by employer
GAO-25-106471 – Subminimum Wage Program Outcomes	www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-106471	Federal audit of what happened to former 14(c) workers in Colorado and Oregon after transition
U.S. DOL ODEP – Employment First Initiative	dol.gov/agencies/odep/initiatives/employment-first	The federal Employment First framework and the State Leadership Mentoring Program supporting states

Customized & Supported Employment

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Project SEARCH	www.projectsearch.us/	Workplace immersion internships leading to competitive integrated employment
Griffin-Hammis Associates	griffinhammis.com/	Pioneers in customized employment, job carving, and self-employment
Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP)	www.dol.gov/agencies/odep	Federal policy leadership on customized employment for people with disabilities
Ticket to Work	choosework.ssa.gov/	Free SSDI/SSI employment support without immediate loss of benefits
LEAD Center	leadcenter.org/	DOL-funded hub on employment and economic advancement strategies
National Disability Institute – Discovery & Customized Employment	www.nationaldisabilityinstitute.org/employment/discovery-and-customized-employment/	Guided Group Discovery manuals, workbooks, and customized employment briefs
VCU Rehabilitation Research and Training Center	vcurrtc.org/	Customized and supported employment research library and provider training (formerly worksupport.com)
StateData – Institute for Community Inclusion	www.thinkwork.org/statedata	National and state employment data for people with IDD; 16% in integrated jobs in 2024

Day Program Alternatives

Name	URL	Description / Notes
ANCOR – State of America’s Direct Support Workforce Crisis	www.ancor.org/resources/the-state-of-americas-direct-support-workforce-crisis-2025/	Annual data on day and residential service disruptions nationwide
National Core Indicators – IDD	idd.nationalcoreindicators.org/	National dataset tracking day service outcomes and satisfaction
Best Buddies International	www.bestbuddies.org/	Friendship, leadership, and jobs programs building structure and community
The Arc	thearc.org/	Local chapters offering community-based day and inclusion alternatives
Administration for Community Living	acl.gov/	Federal agency overseeing home and community-based day services
WMU Center for Disability Services	wmich.edu/disabilitycenter	Kalamazoo skill building, Community Connections, and adult day services, (269) 387-7200
Gesher Human Services	www.geshermi.org/community-integration/	Metro Detroit adult day and community integration programs, (248) 559-5000
Judson Center	judsoncenter.org/disability/	Oakland and Wayne county disability employment and skill building, 248-549-4339
Dutton Farm	duttonfarm.org/	Rochester and Clinton Township adult day, vocational, and arts programming, 248-608-4173
MDHHS – Proposed Policy 2533-BH, Prevocational Services	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/Medicaid-BPHASA/Public-Comment/2025/2533-BH-P.pdf	Policy removing Prevocational Services from the HSW with a six-month transition to Skill Building

Crisis Response, Safety & Criminal Justice

Crisis Response Systems

Name	URL	Description / Notes
988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline	988lifeline.org/	24/7 call, text, and chat crisis support nationwide
Crisis Now	crisisnow.com/	National framework for “someone to call, respond, and a place to go”
Michigan Crisis and Access Line (MiCAL)	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/keep-mi-healthy/mentalhealth/crisis-and-access-line	Michigan’s statewide 988 crisis and access line
SAMHSA 988 Program	www.samhsa.gov/mental-health/988	Federal overview and resources for the 988 crisis system
National Council for Mental Wellbeing – Crisis Response	www.thenationalcouncil.org/program/crisis-response/	Crisis response resource hub and policy advocacy

Elopement, Wandering & Law Enforcement Preparedness

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Project Lifesaver International	projectlifesaver.org/	Tracking technology and rapid-response search program for wandering
National Autism Association – Big Red Safety Box	nationalautismassociation.org/big-red-safety-box/	Free wandering-prevention toolkit for autism families
Take Me Home Registry	www.sdsheriff.gov/community/take-me-home-registry	Voluntary local law-enforcement registry model for at-risk individuals
IACP Home Safe Project	www.theiacp.org/projects/home-safe	Police training to prevent and respond to wandering incidents
Autism Speaks – Safety Products and Services	www.autismspeaks.org/safety-products-and-services	Printable communication card for encounters with first responders

Criminal Justice System

Name	URL	Description / Notes
The Arc’s National Center on Criminal Justice and Disability	thearc.org/our-initiatives/criminal-justice/	Training and support for people with IDD in the justice system
Pathways to Justice	thearc.org/our-initiatives/criminal-justice/pathway-justice/	Community teams improving justice access for people with disabilities
Autistic Self Advocacy Network – Criminal Legal System	autisticadvocacy.org/criminal-legal-system/	Advocacy on policing, incarceration, and legal rights for autistic people
Autism Society – Autism Justice Center	autismsociety.org/autism-justice-center/	Resources on autism and interactions with courts and law enforcement

Caregiver Support, Respite & Self-Care

Respite Care & Burnout Prevention

Name	URL	Description / Notes
ARCH National Respite Network	archrespite.org/	Locate, fund, and train respite providers nationwide
Family Caregiver Alliance	www.caregiver.org/	Burnout self-assessment tools and caregiver support services
National Respite Locator Service	archrespite.org/	Searchable database of respite providers by state and need
Caregiver Action Network	www.caregiveraction.org/caregiver-help/	Practical tools for recognizing and addressing caregiver burnout

Aging Caregivers & Emergency Planning

Name	URL	Description / Notes
AARP Caregiving Resource Center	www.aarp.org/caregiving/	Guidance on caregiving, planning, and work-life balance for families
Eldercare Locator	eldercare.acl.gov/	ACL-run referral service connecting caregivers to local emergency planning help
The Arc’s Center for Future Planning	futureplanning.thearc.org/	Tools for backup guardianship, housing, and long-term care planning
National Institute on Aging – Choosing a Health Care Proxy	www.nia.nih.gov/health/advance-care-planning/choosing-health-care-proxy	Guidance on naming a backup medical decision-maker

Workforce Relations & Caregiving Economics

Name	URL	Description / Notes
NADSP	nadsp.org/	Standards, training, and advocacy for direct support professionals
National Alliance for Caregiving	www.caregiving.org/	Research on family caregiving prevalence, burden, and economics
AARP – Valuing the Invaluable	www.aarp.org/caregiving/financial-legal/valuing-the-invaluable-report-2026/	March 2026 edition: $1.01 trillion in annual value from 59 million family caregivers
AARP – Caregiving in the US 2025 Data Hub	www.aarp.org/pri/topics/ltss/family-caregiving/caregiving-in-the-us-2025/	National survey data on caregiver demographics and financial strain
AARP Public Policy Institute – Valuing the Invaluable 2026	www.aarp.org/pri/topics/ltss/family-caregiving/valuing-the-invaluable-2026-update/	Full research page: 59 million caregivers, 49.5 billion hours, $1.01 trillion in value

Technology, Communication & Community Access

AAC & Communication Technology

Name	URL	Description / Notes
CommunicationFIRST	communicationfirst.org/	Advocacy nonprofit protecting rights of people who cannot rely on speech alone
AssistiveWare	www.assistiveware.com/	AAC apps and communication strategy guidance for nonspeaking individuals
USSAAC	www.ussaac.org/	National AAC advocacy society connecting users, families, and clinicians
ASHA – Funding for Communication Services	www.asha.org/njc/funding-for-services/	Guidance on insurance funding, medical necessity letters, and appeals for AAC
RESNA	www.resna.org/	Assistive technology professional society offering funding and device access support

Smart Home & Safety Technology

Name	URL	Description / Notes
AT3 Center	www.at3center.net/	National technical assistance hub for state assistive technology loan programs
ATIA (Assistive Technology Industry Association)	www.atia.org/	Industry association with funding guides for assistive and smart home tech
ACL Assistive Technology Program	acl.gov/programs/assistive-technology/assistive-technology	Federal program funding state AT Act devices, demonstrations, and reuse
ACL Housing and Services Resource Center	acl.gov/HousingAndServices	Federal hub on housing, safety technology, and home-based supports

Service, Therapy & Companion Animals

Name	URL	Description / Notes
ADA National Network – Service Animals	adata.org/factsheet/service-animals/	Official ADA guidance distinguishing service animals from pets and ESAs
ADA.gov Service Animals FAQ	www.ada.gov/resources/service-animals-faqs/	Department of Justice official rules on service animal rights and access
Assistance Dogs International	assistancedogsinternational.org/	Accreditation standards and directory of legitimate service dog training programs
Pet Partners	petpartners.org/therapy-animals-emotional-support-animals-and-service-animals-difference/	Explains differences between therapy, emotional support, and service animals

Transportation & Travel

Name	URL	Description / Notes
National Aging and Disability Transportation Center	www.nadtc.org/	Federal technical assistance center on accessible transportation options
Easterseals Project ACTION	www.projectaction.com/	Training and consultation on ADA-accessible community transportation access
TSA Cares	www.tsa.gov/travel/tsa-cares	Official program for pre-screening assistance for travelers with disabilities
National RTAP	www.nationalrtap.org/	Federal program explaining ADA paratransit rules for rural and Tribal transit
FTA ADA Guidance	www.transit.dot.gov/regulations-and-guidance/civil-rights-ada/ada-guidance	Federal Transit Administration rules on paratransit and accessible transit rights

Recreation & Social Connection

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Best Buddies International	www.bestbuddies.org/	One-to-one friendship programs for people with intellectual/developmental disabilities
TASH	tash.org/	Advocacy for full community inclusion of people with significant disabilities
Autism Society – Social Connections	autismsociety.org/resources/social-connections/	National resources on building social connection for autistic adults
Special Olympics	www.specialolympics.org/	Year-round sports, competition, and community for adults with intellectual disabilities
Self Advocates Becoming Empowered	www.sabeusa.org/	National self-advocacy network led by people with developmental disabilities

Daily Living, Sensory & Medical-Behavioral Support

Sensory & Home Design / Executive Function

Name	URL	Description / Notes
STAR Institute for Sensory Processing	sensoryhealth.org/	Research, education, and practical home strategies for sensory processing needs
Autism Speaks – Sensory Issues	www.autismspeaks.org/sensory-issues	Overview of sensory sensitivities and coping strategies for autistic adults
CHADD – Executive Function Skills	chadd.org/about-adhd/executive-function-skills/	Strategies for planning, organizing, and daily task management challenges
Understood.org	www.understood.org/	Practical executive function tools and articles for individuals and families
American Occupational Therapy Association	www.aota.org/	Professional body for occupational therapists addressing sensory and home adaptations

Medical-Behavioral Overlap: GI, Seizures & Pain

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Epilepsy Foundation	www.epilepsy.com/	Seizure first aid, action plans, and epilepsy-autism overlap education
American College of Gastroenterology – Patients	gi.org/patients/	Patient education on GI conditions including constipation and reflux
AGA GI Patient Center	patient.gastro.org/	Gastroenterologist-authored patient resources and specialist locator tool
Autism Speaks – GI Disorders	www.autismspeaks.org/gastrointestinal-gi-disorders	Explains GI distress, behavior links, and tools for nonverbal patients

Behavioral Support: SIB, Aggression & Daily Structure

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Behavior Analyst Certification Board	www.bacb.com/	Official registry to verify and locate certified behavior analysts
Association for Positive Behavior Support	www.apbs.org/	Evidence-based strategies for reducing self-injury and aggression safely
Association for Behavior Analysis International	www.abainternational.org/	Professional body advancing behavior analysis research and practice standards
Autism Speaks – Challenging Behaviors Tool Kit	www.autismspeaks.org/tool-kit/challenging-behaviors-tool-kit	Practical guide for managing challenging behaviors and building daily structure

Personal Care: Incontinence & Grooming

Name	URL	Description / Notes
National Association for Continence	nafc.org/	Education and products for managing incontinence with dignity
American Occupational Therapy Association	www.aota.org/	Professional body for finding OT evaluation for sensory-defensive grooming needs

Medication Management

Name	URL	Description / Notes
AACAP Autism Resource Center	www.aacap.org/aacap/Families_and_Youth/Resource_Centers/Autism_Resource_Center/Home.aspx	Family-friendly guidance on psychiatric medications and autism-competent care
American Psychiatric Association – Autism	www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/autism/what-is-autism-spectrum-disorder	Patient resource on autism, co-occurring conditions, and treatment options
AADMD	www.aadmd.org/	Interdisciplinary clinicians improving healthcare access for adults with IDD
NAMI – Medication FAQ	www.nami.org/faq/medication-faq/	National mental health nonprofit answering common psychiatric medication questions

Self-Direction & Paid Family Caregiving

Self-Direction Programs

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Applied Self-Direction (NRCPDS)	appliedselfdirection.com/	National hub for training on becoming employer of your own care staff
NADSP	nadsp.org/	Standards, credentialing, and training resources for direct support professionals
Autistic Self Advocacy Network	autisticadvocacy.org/	Self-advocate-led policy toolkits on self-directed services and staffing
Administration for Community Living	acl.gov/	Federal agency overseeing self-direction and home/community-based Medicaid services

Michigan Home Help Program

Name	URL	Description / Notes
MDHHS Home Help Program	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/doing-business/providers/providers/other/homehelp	Official Michigan Medicaid program paying relatives to provide in-home care
MDHHS Individual Caregivers	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/doing-business/providers/providers/other/homehelp/individual-providers/individual-caregivers	Requirements and enrollment steps for becoming a paid family caregiver
MI Bridges	newmibridges.michigan.gov/	Official state portal to apply for Medicaid and Home Help benefits
MDHHS Medicaid Application Overview	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/assistance-programs/medicaid/portalhome/beneficiaries/apply	State guidance on applying for Medicaid healthcare assistance programs
MDHHS – Home Help Program (Adults & Seniors)	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/adult-child-serv/adults-and-seniors/independent	Consumer-facing Home Help page for adults seeking in-home personal care support
MDHHS – Home Help Client Handbook (Pub-1733)	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Adult-and-Childrens-Services/Adults-and-Seniors/Forms-and-Publications/MDHHS-Pub-1733.pdf	Explains the 45-day written determination, DHS-54A, six-month reassessment, and who can be paid
MDHHS – Adult Services Manual 138, County Rates	mdhhs-pres-prod.michigan.gov/olmweb/ex/AS/Public/ASM/138.pdf	Official Home Help individual provider rate; $17.13 per hour statewide effective January 1, 2026
MDHHS – Adult Services Manual 120, Comprehensive Assessment	mdhhs-pres-prod.michigan.gov/olmweb/ex/AS/Public/ASM/120.pdf	How hours are scored: the 1 to 5 independence scale and the level 3 payment threshold
MDHHS – Adults & Seniors Forms and Publications	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/adult-child-serv/adults-and-seniors/forms-pubs	Where to download the DHS-0054-a medical needs form and Home Help publications

National Medicaid, HCBS Policy & Federal Advocacy

Medicaid/HCBS Basics & Waiting Lists

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Medicaid.gov – Home & Community-Based Services	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/home-community-based-services/index.html	Official primer on HCBS waivers, authorities, and eligibility pathways
KFF – Waiting Lists for Medicaid HCBS, 2016-2025	www.kff.org/medicaid/a-look-at-waiting-lists-for-medicaid-home-and-community-based-services-from-2016-to-2025/	Annual survey tracking over 600,000 people on HCBS waiver waiting lists
KFF – Key Questions About HCBS Waiver Waiting Lists	www.kff.org/medicaid/key-questions-about-medicaid-home-and-community-based-services-waiver-waiting-lists/	Explainer on why waiting lists exist and how states manage them
CMS – Ensuring Access to Medicaid Services Final Rule	www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/ensuring-access-medicaid-services-final-rule-cms-2442-f	2024 rule requiring states to publicly report HCBS waiting-list data by July 2027
Medicaid.gov – Person-Centered Service Planning in HCBS	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/home-community-based-services/downloads/person-centrd-servc-plan-hcbs-req-best-pract-updated.pdf	Federal requirements and best practices for person-centered planning
Medicaid.gov – HCBS Provisions Overview	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/access-care/home-and-community-based-services-provisions	Explains 1915(c)/(i)/(k) waiver authorities and level-of-care requirements
MACPAC – Mandatory and Optional Benefits	macpac.gov/subtopic/mandatory-and-optional-benefits	Which Medicaid benefits states must cover and which are optional, including HCBS and personal care
MACPAC – Medicaid Benefits Overview (Medicaid 101)	macpac.gov/medicaid-101/benefits	Plain-language explanation of the mandatory and optional benefit structure
MACPAC – State Management of HCBS Waiver Waiting Lists	macpac.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/State-Management-of-H…	How states build, screen, and prioritize waiver waiting lists, and why unscreened lists run longer
eCFR – 42 CFR 441.311, HCBS Reporting Requirements	ecfr.gov/current/title-42/chapter-IV/subchapter-C/part-441/…	The regulation itself: waiting list counts, average wait, screening practices, and percent of authorized hours provided, effective July 9, 2027
Commonwealth Fund – CMS Steps to Identify Unmet Need for HCBS	commonwealthfund.org/blog/2024/cms-taking-steps-identify-un…	Explains the new waiting list reporting and why it is the first such federal requirement in more than forty years

Federal Rights & Rules (Olmstead, ADA, HCBS Settings)

Name	URL	Description / Notes
ADA.gov – Olmstead: Community Integration for Everyone	archive.ada.gov/olmstead/index.html	DOJ’s official archive on the 1999 Olmstead decision and integration mandate
ADA.gov – Olmstead Mandate Statement	www.ada.gov/resources/olmstead-mandate-statement/	DOJ statement on enforcing Title II’s integration mandate post-Olmstead
The White House – Ending Crime and Disorder on America’s Streets	www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/07/ending-crime-and-disorder-on-americas-streets/	July 2025 executive order promoting civil commitment and institutional treatment
ABA Commission on Disability Rights – Statement on the Executive Order	www.americanbar.org/groups/diversity/disabilityrights/news/trumps-executive-order/	ABA analysis calling the order a rollback of disability rights protections
National Council on Severe Autism – ADA at 35	www.ncsautism.org/blog/ada	NCSA report on ADA gaps and civil rights violations for people with severe autism
Medicaid.gov – HCBS Settings Final Rule	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/home-community-based-services/home-community-based-services-guidance-additional-resources/home-community-based-services-final-regulation	2014 CMS rule defining qualifying HCBS settings and integration standards
ACL – Section 504 Final Rule	acl.gov/504rule	May 1, 2024 HHS rule on disability nondiscrimination, most integrated setting, and value assessments
Medicaid.gov – Access Rule Applicability Date Chart (CMS-2442-F)	medicaid.gov/medicaid/access-care/downloads/applicability-d…	Provision-by-provision compliance dates for the Ensuring Access to Medicaid Services final rule
NASDDDS – Access Rule HCBS Provisions Roadmap	nasddds.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Access-rule-HCBS-pro…	State roadmap carrying the July 9, 2027 reporting date and the July 9, 2030 compensation pass-through date
AHCA – CMS Delays to Medicaid Access Rule Enforcement	ahcancal.org/News-and-Communications/Blog/Pages/CMS-delays-…	Tracks which Access Rule provisions have been pushed back and to when, including grievance and payment transparency

Federal Budget & Legislation

Name	URL	Description / Notes
KFF – How Will OBBBA Affect the ACA, Medicaid, and the Uninsured Rate?	www.kff.org/medicaid/how-will-the-2025-budget-reconciliation-affect-the-aca-medicaid-and-the-uninsured-rate/	KFF analysis of OBBBA’s Medicaid coverage and spending impacts
KFF – Tracking the Medicaid Provisions in the 2025 Reconciliation Bill	www.kff.org/medicaid/tracking-the-medicaid-provisions-in-the-2025-budget-bill/	Ongoing tracker of OBBBA Medicaid provisions and implementation timeline
Congress.gov – S.2076 HCBS Relief Act of 2025	www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2076/text	Bill text: 10-point FMAP increase for HCBS in FY 2026-2027, capped at 95 percent
ANCOR – Tell Congress: Support the HCBS Access Act	ancor.org/actions/tell-congress-support-the-hcbs-access-act/	Bill summary and action page for the Act eliminating HCBS waiting lists
Medicaid.gov – ARPA Section 9817 HCBS Overview	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/home-community-based-services/home-community-based-services-guidance-additional-resources/strengthening-and-investing-home-and-community-based-services-for-medicaid-beneficiaries-american-rescue-plan-act-of-2021-section-9817	Details the temporary 10-point FMAP boost for HCBS and its 2025 spending deadline
KFF – Medicaid Spending on Mandatory vs. Optional Populations	www.kff.org/medicaid/medicaid-an-overview-of-spending-on-mandatory/	Source of the finding that 86% of optional Medicaid spending covers elderly/disabled enrollees
KFF – Medicaid Work Requirements Tracker	www.kff.org/medicaid/medicaid-work-requirements-tracker-overview/	Tracks state implementation of OBBBA work requirements starting January 2027
Congress.gov – H.R.4029 HCBS Relief Act of 2025	www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4029	House companion to S.2076, led by Rep. Debbie Dingell (MI-06)
Rep. Debbie Dingell – HCBS Access Act Reintroduction	debbiedingell.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=6822	April 2026 introduction of the HCBS Access Act and Long-Term Care Workforce Support Act
KFF – CBO Medicaid Reductions by State, Enacted Package	www.kff.org/medicaid/allocating-cbos-estimates-of-federal-medicaid-spending-reductions-across-the-states-enacted-reconciliation-package/	State-level allocation of the $911 billion federal Medicaid reduction over ten years
CMS – Medicaid Community Engagement Requirement (CMS-2454-IFC)	www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/medicaid-community-engagement-requirement-certain-individuals-interim-final-rule-comment-period-cms	The work requirement rule issued June 1, 2026; 80 hours a month, ages 19-64, compliance January 1, 2027
MACPAC – Implementation of ARPA Section 9817	www.macpac.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Issue-Brief-Implementation-of-ARPA-Section-9817-Additional-Support-for-Medicaid-HCBS-during-COVID-2-1.pdf	January 2026 brief: $37.1 billion planned, $26.3 billion to workforce, no evaluation requirement in the law
ADvancing States – ARPA HCBS Initiative	www.advancingstates.org/state-technical-assistance/arpa-hcbs-initiative	State ARPA spending plan analyses and lessons learned from the HCBS investment
ANCOR – The HCBS Relief Act	www.ancor.org/resources/the-hcbs-relief-act/	S. 2076 and H.R. 4029: a 10 point federal match increase for HCBS during 2026 and 2027
NDSS – HEADs UP Act (H.R. 3409)	ndss.org/news/ndss-supports-reintroduction-heads-act-hr-3409	Would designate people with IDD a Medically Underserved Population; reintroduced May 14, 2025
MACPAC – Mandatory and Optional Enrollees and Services in Medicaid	macpac.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/07_March-Slides_Manda…	FY 2023 figures: 96% of non-institutional LTSS spending is optional against 33% of institutional
KFF – 5 Key Facts on Medicaid Eligibility for Seniors and People with Disabilities	kff.org/medicaid/5-key-facts-about-medicaid-eligibility-for…	Share of enrollees and spending, and the optional eligibility pathways states may narrow

Direct Support Workforce Crisis Data

National Workforce Data & Research

Name	URL	Description / Notes
PHI National – Direct Care Workers in the U.S., Key Facts 2025	www.phinational.org/resource/direct-care-workers-in-the-united-states-key-facts-2025/	Projects 9.7 million direct care job openings 2024-2034 and median wage data
PHI National – Workforce Data Center	www.phinational.org/policy-research/workforce-data-center/	Interactive national and state-level direct care workforce statistics
ANCOR – State of America’s Direct Support Workforce Crisis 2025	www.ancor.org/resources/the-state-of-americas-direct-support-workforce-crisis-2025/	Annual survey: 88% of providers report staffing shortages, 52% considering cuts
National Core Indicators – State of the Workforce Survey	idd.nationalcoreindicators.org/	Multi-state collaborative data on DSP wages, turnover, and vacancy rates
Congress.gov – S.3211 Recognizing the Role of Direct Support Professionals Act	congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3211	Bipartisan bill directing OMB to consider a separate occupational code for DSPs; ordered reported August 6, 2026
InterHab – Strategic Roadmap: Eliminating the IDD Waiting List	kslegislature.gov/li_2022/b2021_22/committees/ctte_spc_2021_hcbs_idd_waiver_1/documents/testimony/20211021_05.pdf	Kansas data: provider rates up 35.20% over 21 years against 63.86% CPI inflation
Bureau of Labor Statistics – Consumer Price Index	www.bls.gov/cpi/	CPI series and inflation calculator for measuring reimbursement rate erosion
Rockefeller Institute – Economic Impact of NY Disability Providers	rockinst.org/issue-area/the-economic-and-social-impact-of-disability-services-providers-in-new-york-and-nysid-new-developments/	$9.0 billion in provider revenue generating $15.6 billion in output and 194,186 jobs
PHI National – Understanding the Direct Care Workforce	phinational.org/policy-research/key-facts-faq	Median wage, poverty and public assistance shares, workforce size, and the ten-year job opening projections
NCI-IDD – 2024 State of the Workforce Survey Report	idd.nationalcoreindicators.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2…	DSP wages, 37.1% turnover, vacancy rates, and tenure at separation across 27 states and the District of Columbia
Congress.gov – H.R.6137 Recognizing the Role of DSPs Act	congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6137	House companion to S.3211 on a Standard Occupational Classification code for direct support professionals
Congressional Budget Office – Cost Estimate for S.3211	cbo.gov/publication/62725	Scores the DSP classification bill at under $500,000 and notes the 2028 OMB classification review

State Wage Comparisons

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Illinois DHS – January 1, 2025 Wage/Rate Increase	www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?item=170749	State’s official schedule of DSP wage increases under the HCBS waiver
Illinois DHS – 2026 DSP Wage Increase Q&A	www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?item=176846	State guidance on Illinois’s move to 150% of minimum wage for DSPs
IARF – Legislative Priorities	www.iarf.org/2024-legislative-priorities.html	Illinois provider association’s advocacy record on permanent DSP wage legislation
PHI National – Direct Care Workforce State Index Tool	www.phinational.org/state-index-tool/	Interactive tool ranking and comparing DSP wages and policies across states
ANCOR – Wages & Reimbursement Rates	www.ancor.org/priorities/dsp-workforce/wages-reimbursement-rates/	National overview of state Medicaid rate-setting approaches for DSP wages
AFSCME Council 31 – Progress on Fairer Wages for DSPs	afscme31.org/news/progress-made-on-fairer-wages-for-dsps	The Guidehouse rate study and Ligas consent decree background behind the Illinois DSP wage
Hamilton County DD Services – Ohio DSP Wage Increases in 2024	hamiltonddsohio.gov/dsp-wage-increases-in-2024	Ohio’s January and July 2024 provider rate increases and the $18 statewide average wage expectation
Ohio DODD – Budget, DSP Wages and Wage Reporting	dodd.ohio.gov/about-us/Budget/Budget	Ohio’s FY26 and FY27 budget, the DSP wage trajectory, and mandatory DSP wage reporting
Gongwer – The Direct Care Worker Wage Math Problem (Michigan)	gongwer.com/public/DCW_Wage_Coalition_Explainer.pdf	Michigan’s $13.73 base, the $3.40 cumulative passthrough, and the year-by-year cost of each increase

Advocacy Skills, Documentation & Legislative Engagement

Building a Paper Trail & Evidence

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Wrightslaw	www.wrightslaw.com/	Special education law and advocacy resource for building a documentation record
Indiana Resource Center for Autism (IRCA)	www.iidc.indiana.edu/irca/index.html	IU autism center’s advocacy and lifetime record-keeping resources
Special Needs Alliance	www.specialneedsalliance.org/	National attorney network on documentation for disability benefits planning
National Health Law Program – Defining Medical Necessity	healthlaw.org/resource/q-a-defining-medical-necessity/	Explains how “medical necessity” documentation drives Medicaid coverage decisions
National Disability Rights Network	www.ndrn.org/	Federally mandated protection & advocacy network for documenting service loss and abuse
MuckRock	www.muckrock.com/	Platform for filing, tracking, and sharing public records (FOIA) requests
National Freedom of Information Coalition	www.nfoic.org/	State-by-state guide to public records laws and FOI request assistance

Navigating Denials & Person-Centered Planning

Name	URL	Description / Notes
National Health Law Program	healthlaw.org/	Legal advocacy organization on Medicaid rights, denials, and appeals
Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law	www.bazelon.org/	Legal advocacy on institutionalization, Medicaid access, and disability rights
eCFR – 42 CFR 431.230, Maintaining Services	www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/chapter-IV/subchapter-C/part-431/subpart-E/section-431.230	Federal regulation guaranteeing continued benefits (“aid pending”) during an appeal
Medicaid.gov – Person-Centered Service Planning in HCBS	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/home-community-based-services/downloads/person-centrd-servc-plan-hcbs-req-best-pract-updated.pdf	Federal standards for person-centered planning and budget methodologies
MDHHS – Office of Recipient Rights	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/keep-mi-healthy/mentalhealth/mentalhealth/recipientrights	How to file a rights complaint when services in the plan of service are not delivered
MDHHS – Recipient Rights Complaint Form	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/keep-mi-healthy/mentalhealth/mentalhealth/recipientrights/recipient-rights-complaint-form	Statewide complaint form accepted by every Michigan CMH Office of Recipient Rights
MDHHS – Appeal and Grievance Resolution Processes Technical Requirement	www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Folder3/Folder93/Folder2/Folder193/Folder1/Folder293/Appeal-and-Grievance-Resolution-Processes-Technical-Requirement.pdf	The controlling deadlines: 60 days to appeal, 10 days for benefit continuation, 120 days to a fair hearing

Advocacy Toolkits & Campaign Playbooks

Name	URL	Description / Notes
The Arc – Storytelling Toolkit for Advocates	thearc.org/resource/storytelling-toolkit-for-advocates/	Includes “My Testimony Blueprint” for crafting personal advocacy stories
ANCOR – Amplifier	www.ancor.org/amplifier/	Online action tool for contacting Congress on I/DD and workforce legislation
ANCOR – Advocacy Toolkit	www.ancor.org/advocacy/toolkit/	Resources for building sustained, escalating grassroots advocacy campaigns
BillTrack50	www.billtrack50.com/	Free tracker for monitoring state and federal disability-related legislation
Maryland Matters – DD Community Funding Restored	marylandmatters.org/2025/03/24/developmental-disability-community-tentatively-exuberant-at-restored-funding/	Coverage of the 2025 campaign that restored $300 million in proposed DDA cuts
The Arc Maryland	thearcmd.org/	Lead state advocacy organization behind Maryland’s 2025 budget restoration campaign
Family Voices	familyvoices.org/	National grassroots family advocacy network with state affiliate organizations
Disability Belongs (formerly RespectAbility)	www.disabilitybelongs.org/	Trains families and self-advocates in media-safe disability storytelling and civic engagement
Maryland Association of Community Services (MACS)	macsonline.org	Provider association that co-led the 2025 campaign restoring $300 million to Maryland’s DDA

Testifying & Public Comment

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Autistic Self Advocacy Network – Power Tools	autisticadvocacy.org/actioncenter/tools/	Guides on testifying before legislatures, lobbying basics, and elevator speeches
Regulations.gov	www.regulations.gov/	Federal portal for submitting public comment on proposed Medicaid/HCBS rules
Disability Rights Ohio – How to Give Effective Testimony	www.disabilityrightsohio.org/blog/how-to-give-effective-testimony-in-ohios-legislature-part-1	Widely-cited P&A agency guide to structuring legislative testimony
National Disability Rights Network	www.ndrn.org/	Network of protection & advocacy agencies offering testimony and legislative resources

Michigan System Navigation: PIHP, CMH & Waivers

Regional System & CMH Basics

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Community Mental Health Association of Michigan	cmham.org/	Statewide association representing Michigan’s public CMH centers and PIHPs
CMHSP Directory (CMHAM)	cmham.org/membership/cmhsp-directory/	Directory of Michigan’s county-based Community Mental Health Services Programs
Michigan AG – Open Meetings Act Resources	www.michigan.gov/ag/resources/open-meetings	State guidance on public participation rights, applicable to CMH boards
MDHHS Mental Health Services Overview	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/keep-mi-healthy/mentalhealth/mentalhealth	State hub explaining Michigan’s CMH system structure
Watershed Voice – Court of Claims Blocks PIHP Consolidation	watershedvoice.com/2026/02/03/michigan-mental-health-servic…	The January 8, 2026 ruling and what it found about the Michigan Mental Health Code
Bridge Michigan – Consultant Spending on the Failed Redesign	bridgemi.com/michigan-health-watch/michigan-paid-consultant…	The McKinsey contract totals behind the withdrawn prepaid inpatient health plan procurement

Waivers Explained & Applications

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Habilitation Supports Waiver (HSW)	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/keep-mi-healthy/mentalhealth/mentalhealth/medwaivers/habilitation-supports-waiver	Official MDHHS page on Michigan’s I/DD home-based services waiver
MI Choice Waiver Program	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/assistance-programs/healthcare/seniors/michoicewaiver/mi-choice-waiver-program	MDHHS page on the nursing-facility-level-of-care HCBS waiver
Children’s Waiver Program	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/keep-mi-healthy/mentalhealth/mentalhealth/medwaivers/childrens-waiver-program	MDHHS page on the Medicaid HCBS waiver for children with I/DD
Michigan Medicaid Waivers Overview	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/keep-mi-healthy/mentalhealth/mentalhealth/medwaivers	MDHHS hub listing all Michigan behavioral health Medicaid waivers
Michigan Waiver Factsheet (Medicaid.gov)	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/section-1115-demo/demonstration-and-waiver-list/Waiver-Descript-Factsheet/MI	CMS factsheet summarizing Michigan’s approved Medicaid waivers
CMH Partnership of Southeast Michigan – HSW Program Information	cmhpsm.org/hsw	Regional plain-language HSW page with the applicant worksheet and eligibility certification forms
Wayne State DDI – Habilitation Supports Waiver Guide for Families	ddi.wayne.edu/mi_ocean/habilitation_supports_waiver_-_paren…	Slot counts, PIHP regional allotment, the three priority groups, and how a family applies
Michigan HSW Application MI.0167 – Approved CMS Filing	michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Keeping-M…	Participant counts, the full service array, and the prevocational services transition plan

Navigation Resources & Service Deserts

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Autism Alliance of Michigan	autismallianceofmichigan.org/	Statewide nonprofit providing autism case management and family navigation
MiNavigator	autismallianceofmichigan.org/contact-minavigator/	Free MDHHS-funded statewide autism resource navigation service
Bridge Michigan – Autism Group Rallies After Funding Cut	bridgemi.com/talent-education/michigan-autism-group-rallies-to-save-key-program-after-state-slashes-2m/	Coverage of 2025 state funding cuts reducing MiNavigator capacity
Michigan Developmental Disabilities Council	www.mimddc.org/	Advocacy body tracking Michigan disability policy and service changes
The Arc of Michigan	arcmi.org/	Statewide advocacy organization with local chapter finder and family resource center; 800-292-7851

Legal Settlements Affecting Michigan Services

Name	URL	Description / Notes
MDHHS – Children’s Medicaid Behavioral Health Settlement	www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/keep-mi-healthy/mentalhealth/mentalhealth/childrenandfamilies/childrens-medicaid-behavioral-health-settlement	Official MDHHS page on the K.B. v. Michigan children’s HCBS settlement
National Health Law Program – K.B. v. Michigan Settlement	healthlaw.org/news/settlement-reached-in-class-action-lawsuit-to-improve-childrens-mental-health-services-in-michigan/	Summary of the August 2025 approved children’s behavioral health settlement
Disability Rights Michigan	www.drmich.org/	Michigan’s federally designated protection & advocacy agency for disability legal rights
Michigan Health & Hospital Association – MDHHS Withdraws PIHP Procurement	www.mha.org/newsroom/mdhhs-withdraws-pihp-procurement/	Reporting on the January 2026 court ruling halting PIHP consolidation
NCLEJ – Waskul Settlement Court Approval	nclej.org/news/court-approves-settlement-giving-over-100m-in-additional-medicaid-funding-for-michiganders-with-developmental-disabilities	CLS rate raised from $20.44 to $31 per hour; $110M+ over five years; costing out by 2029
National Health Law Program – K.B. v. Michigan D.H.H.S.	healthlaw.org/resource/k-b-v-michigan-d-h-h-s-eastern-district-of-michigan/	Case documents for the children’s intensive HCBS settlement approved August 28, 2025

Michigan Budget, Legislation & Advocacy

State Budget & Rate Advocacy

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Direct Care Worker Wage Coalition	www.dcwmichigan.org/	Coalition tracking Michigan direct care rate and wage advocacy campaigns
The Arc of Oakland County – Direct Care Worker Advocacy	www.thearcoakland.org/advocacy-initiatives/direct-care-worker/	Local advocacy hub on the 2025 direct care agency rate cut fight
Incompass Michigan	incompassmi.org/	Statewide network of disability service providers advocating on Medicaid rate policy
Disability Rights Michigan (formerly MPAS)	www.drmich.org/	Legal advocacy organization covering CLS budgets and Medicaid rights; rebranded from Michigan Protection & Advocacy Service in 2020
Disability Rights Michigan – Waskul Settlement	www.drmich.org/stories/waskul_1/	Coverage of the Waskul v. Washtenaw CMH settlement on CLS budget costing
Michigan House Fiscal Agency	www.house.mi.gov/hfa	Plain-language budget summaries, executive budget reviews, and appropriations analyses
Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency	sfa.senate.michigan.gov/	Bill analyses, budget reviews, and departmental appropriations detail
Citizens Research Council of Michigan	crcmich.org/	Nonpartisan analysis of Michigan budget, Medicaid, and federal cut impacts

Michigan Bills to Watch

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Michigan Alliance for Families	www.michiganallianceforfamilies.org/	Step-by-step guidance on CMH, MRS, waivers, SSI and guardianship transitions
Michigan Alliance for Families – Transition Workshop	www.michiganallianceforfamilies.org/workshop-transition/	Handouts on Michigan’s step-by-step adult transition process
Michigan Alliance for Families – Guardianship	www.michiganallianceforfamilies.org/guardianship/	Guide to guardianship and alternatives for transition-age adults
Michigan Legislature Bill Search	www.legislature.mi.gov/Bills	Official tool for tracking Michigan bills, including disability and mental health categories
Michigan Legislature – Public Acts	www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/PublicActs	Track newly signed Michigan laws affecting disability services
Michigan Disability Rights Coalition	www.mymdrc.org/	East Lansing-based statewide grassroots cross-disability advocacy coalition; 800-578-1269
BillTrack50	www.billtrack50.com/	Free tracker for monitoring state and federal disability-related legislation

Tracking Service Cuts

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Michigan Developmental Disabilities Council	www.mimddc.org/	Advocacy body tracking Michigan disability policy and service changes
Direct Care Worker Wage Coalition – FY26 Budget Obstacles	www.dcwmichigan.org/fy-26-budget-obstacles	Ongoing tracking of Michigan budget threats to direct care services
Disability Rights Michigan – Michigan’s Medicaid System	www.drmich.org/michigans-medicaid-system/	Overview resource tracking Medicaid service structure and changes
Community Mental Health Association of Michigan	cmham.org/	Statewide association tracking CMH/PIHP policy and service changes
ANCOR – State of America’s Direct Support Workforce Crisis 2024	ancor.org/resources/the-state-of-americas-direct-support-wo…	The 2024 edition, source of the 34% figure the 2025 survey’s 52% is measured against

Transition to Adulthood

National Transition Data & IEP Rights

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Drexel University – The Services Cliff	drexel.edu/autismoutcomes/publications-and-reports/publications/The-Services-Cliff-Among-Young-Adults-on-the-Autism-Spectrum/	Research on roughly 50,000 autistic youth aging out of services annually
IDEA Topic Areas (U.S. Dept of Education)	sites.ed.gov/idea/topic-areas/	Federal IDEA hub covering transition service requirements and guidance
IDEA Sec. 300.43: Transition Services	sites.ed.gov/idea/regs/b/a/300.43	Federal regulatory definition of required IEP transition services
NTACT:C	transitionta.org/	National technical assistance center on secondary transition for students with disabilities
AHEAD (Association on Higher Education And Disability)	www.ahead.org/	Professional association for college disability services offices; state affiliate directory
LifeCourse Nexus	www.lifecoursetools.com/	Charting the LifeCourse framework and tools for lifelong person-centered planning

Michigan Transition Roadmap

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Michigan Dept of Education – Special Education	www.michigan.gov/mde/services/special-education	State special education services hub covering transition supports
MDE – Evaluations and Eligibility	www.michigan.gov/mde/services/special-education/evaluations-eligibility	State eligibility rules including cognitive impairment determinations (Age 26 rule)
Michigan Alliance for Families	www.michiganallianceforfamilies.org/	Michigan’s transition guide covering CMH, MRS, waivers, SSI and guardianship
Michigan Alliance for Families – Transition Workshop	www.michiganallianceforfamilies.org/workshop-transition/	Workshop materials on Michigan’s age-based transition planning steps

Life Stages & Specialized Topics

Sexuality & Reproductive Health

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Elevatus Training	www.elevatustraining.com/	National leader in sexuality and healthy relationships education for people with I/DD
ACOG – Medical Management of Menstrual Suppression	www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/clinical-consensus/articles/2022/09/general-approaches-to-medical-management-of-menstrual-suppression	Clinical consensus on menstrual suppression for patients with disabilities
ACOG – The Initial Reproductive Health Visit	www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2020/10/the-initial-reproductive-health-visit	Committee guidance on reproductive healthcare visits, including for disabled patients
Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network	awnnetwork.org/	Community support and health resources for autistic women and nonbinary people

Grief, Loss & Bereavement Support

Name	URL	Description / Notes
The Compassionate Friends	www.compassionatefriends.org/	National bereavement support network for families after the death of a child, at any age; 877-969-0010
Institute for Patient- and Family-Centered Care (IPFCC)	www.ipfcc.org/	Advocacy tools and best practices for family presence during hospital stays and end-of-life care

Aging with Autism & Late Diagnosis

Name	URL	Description / Notes
National Institute on Aging	www.nia.nih.gov/	NIH institute researching aging, including autism-dementia risk overlap
NIA – Autism and Alzheimer’s Workshop	www.nia.nih.gov/news/workshop-can-autism-spectrum-disorders-tell-us-anything-about-alzheimers-disease	NIA research workshop examining links between autism and Alzheimer’s
AASPIRE	aaspire.org/	Academic-community partnership researching healthcare and aging for autistic adults
Autistic Self Advocacy Network	autisticadvocacy.org/	Self-advocacy organization addressing late-diagnosed and adult autism issues
CDC – Autism Data and Statistics	www.cdc.gov/autism/data-research/index.html	Federal prevalence data spanning children through adults

Evaluating Providers

Name	URL	Description / Notes
Association for Science in Autism Treatment	asatonline.org/	Nonprofit combating pseudoscientific autism treatments like chelation and HBOT
ASAT – Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Review	asatonline.org/for-parents/becoming-a-savvy-consumer/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/	Evidence review of hyperbaric oxygen therapy claims for autism
Autism Science Foundation	autismsciencefoundation.org/	Research nonprofit promoting evidence-based evaluation of autism treatments
Autism Science Foundation – Non-Evidence-Based Treatments	autismsciencefoundation.org/beware-of-non-evidence-based-treatments/	Guide to identifying non-evidence-based autism interventions
Great Lakes Center for Autism Treatment and Research	www.residentialopportunities.org/what-we-do/autism-services-at-great-lakes-center	Michigan’s intensive autism residential and outpatient program, Portage and Galesburg; serves to age 21 only

State Comparisons & Historical Context

States That Eliminated Waiting Lists

Name	URL	Description / Notes
KFF – Waiting Lists for Medicaid HCBS, 2016-2025	www.kff.org/medicaid/a-look-at-waiting-lists-for-medicaid-home-and-community-based-services-from-2016-to-2025/	State-by-state comparison of I/DD waiver waiting lists, including NJ, CT, LA
KFF – Key Questions on HCBS Waiting Lists	www.kff.org/medicaid/key-questions-about-medicaid-home-and-community-based-services-waiver-waiting-lists/	Explainer on how states manage or avoid I/DD waiver waitlists
California DDS – The Lanterman Act Entitlement	www.dds.ca.gov/newsletter/the-lanterman-act-entitlement-a-promise-that-sets-california-apart/	Official explanation of California’s no-waitlist legal entitlement model
California LAO – Developmental Services Caseload and Budget	lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/5008	What California’s entitlement costs: roughly 450,000 served, $19 billion proposed for 2025-26
Louisiana DOH – Waiting List Eliminated, Screening for Urgency of Need	ldh.la.gov/index.cfm/newsroom/detail/5137	The 2019 tiered-waiver announcement and the five SUN urgency tiers, the model a capped state can copy
CT Mirror – Connecticut DDS Waiting List Reporting	ctmirror.org/2023/06/11/ct-disabled-adults-wait-list-housin…	Documents that Connecticut reduced but did not eliminate its waiting list: 961 waiting in 2013, 928 in 2023
New Jersey DDD – Community Care Program Waiting List	nj.gov/humanservices/ddd/individuals/access-services/waitin…	New Jersey’s active waiting list page, worked chronologically; placement is not a guarantee of enrollment

Economic Case for HCBS Investment

Name	URL	Description / Notes
MECEP – Closing the Gap: Maine’s Direct Care Shortage	www.mecep.org/jobs-and-income/closing-the-gap-maines-direct-care-shortage-and-solutions-to-fix-it/	Analysis of Maine’s roughly $1 billion annual economic loss from DSP shortage
ANCOR Medicaid Resource Center	www.ancor.org/medicaid/	National provider association resources on HCBS cost-effectiveness data
National Council on Disability	www.ncd.gov/	Federal agency publishing reports comparing institutional vs. community care costs
NCD – Olmstead: Reclaiming Institutionalized Lives	www.ncd.gov/report/olmstead-reclaiming-institutionalized-lives/	NCD report on costs and outcomes of institutional vs. community-based care
RISP – LTSS Spending Changes, 1982 to 2019	publications.ici.umn.edu/risp/data-bytes/changes-in-spending-for-long-term-services-and-supports-between-1982-and-2019	Per person cost comparison: $140,210 ICF/IID against $48,458 HCBS waiver
GAO-23-105457 – Medicaid Expenditures for Adults with IDD	www.gao.gov/products/gao-23-105457	Federal audit comparing HCBS and institutional spending, six states, 2019 data

Historical Timeline Sources

Name	URL	Description / Notes
SAMHSA	www.samhsa.gov/	Federal agency overseeing community mental health policy since the 1963 Act
Medicaid.gov – Program History	www.medicaid.gov/about-us/program-history	CMS official history of Medicaid, foundation for the 1981 HCBS waiver authority
Medicaid.gov – HCBS Authorities	www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/home-community-based-services/home-community-based-services-authorities	CMS page on 1915(c) waiver authority created under 1981 federal law
IDEA (U.S. Dept of Education)	sites.ed.gov/idea/	Official IDEA site covering the law’s evolution since its 1975 origin
APA – The Psychiatric Bed Crisis in the US	www.psychiatry.org/getmedia/81f685f1-036e-4311-8dfc-e13ac425380f/APA-Psychiatric-Bed-Crisis-Report-Full.pdf	Documents the 1955 peak state hospital census of 558,922 and the decline through 2014